2002; Futatsuka et al. 2005). Futatsuka et al. seem to have used interviews and Bylund

et al. used a questionnaire based on “earlier surveys” from, for instance, Atroshi et al. (Atroshi et al. 1998). Shivers, jerks and possibly impaired manual dexterity may be mistaken for or perceived as tremor. According to Sakakibara et al., loss of sensory function and/or muscular dysfunction in the hands and fingers may be Niraparib cost associated with impaired manual dexterity, which could possibly explain symptoms that subjects describe as similar to tremor (Sakakibara et al. 2005). One possible mechanism for impaired manual dexterity could be temporary numbness due to acute effects of HAV exposure (Griffin 2008). Furthermore, tremor may have many causal explanations and is a common symptom in the general population, which may also be reflected in the working population exposed to HAV (Deuschl et al. 1996). Obviously, it may be difficult to distinguish tremor from other symptoms as well as classify type of tremor (Alty and Kempster 2011). Consequently, this should give more credibility/strength to the present study with

quantitatively measured tremor. Increased tremor, usually postural, has been reported among patients with neuropathies of different origin www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD0530.html (Elble 2009; Wasielewska et al. 2013); however, there is a possibility that the degree of nerve affection among the workers in the present study population is not severe enough to cause tremor. Tremor has been hypothesized to depend on acute effects of HAV

exposure; however, one study with an experimental approach testing acute effects after a limited dose of HAVs showed the opposite, in other words, less tremor after exposure (Gomez et al. 2003). Precautions were taken in the present study trying to avoid acute effects from HAVs, and as far as we know, the participants were not exposed on the day of tremor measuring. Nicotine use and age have to be accounted for when comparing selleck chemicals groups with respect to tremor. Increase in age is known to affect tremor, and it has been shown that tremor frequency decreases with age (Despres et al. 2000). The present study resulted in more pathological tremor values with increasing age. It has been suggested that second age-related changes in tremor could be explained by a degradation of the motor control (Almeida et al. 2010). As for nicotine users, there is prior knowledge that nicotine users have higher tremor intensity than non-nicotine users and that older age may be a predictor of importance for the quantity of tremor in nicotine users, in contrast to non-nicotine users (Ellingsen et al. 2006). Furthermore, nicotine users have exhibited lower frequency dispersion compared to non-nicotine users (Ellingsen et al. 2006). Thus, the results of nicotine use in the present study are in accordance with previous findings.