This study shows that an appropriate ratio of mixed cultures is required for maximum degradation and detoxification of PPME. (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry”
“5-Acyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-2-(3′-substituted-4′-aryl-2,3-dihydrothiazol-2′-ylidene)hydrazones, 5a-e to 10a-c, were prepared by the reaction of appropriate 5-acyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-4-substituted thiosemicarbazones 3a-e and phenacyl bromides 4a-e. Structures of the new compounds were verified on the basis of spectral

and elemental analyses. Twenty-eight new compounds were tested for their possible antimicrobial activities. Most of the tested compounds showed weak to moderate antibacterial activity against most of the bacterial strains used in comparison with www.selleckchem.com/products/ferrostatin-1-fer-1.html gatifloxacin as a reference drug. The test compounds showed weak to moderate antifungal activity against tested fungi in comparison with ketoconazole as a reference drug. On the other hand, the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects and most of them showed good to excellent anti-inflammatory activity compared to indomethacin. Moreover, ulcerogenicity and the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of the most active anti-inflammatory compounds 6b and 9e were determined in mice; they were non-toxic at doses up to 400 mg kg(-1) after i.p. administration.”
“Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) can occur after cesarean section or traumatic delivery, usually manifesting

as postpartum hemorrhage. Here we report a patient with UAP possibly caused by septic abortion. She had high fever and bleeding with positive urine PCI32765 pregnancy test. We diagnosed this condition as septic abortion. Ultrasound revealed an intrauterine echogenic mass and color Doppler revealed swirling blood flow within the mass. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a heterogeneously

enhanced intrauterine mass. Selective internal iliac artery angiography revealed contrast medium within the mass immediately after medium injection. Bilateral uterine artery embolization was performed, after which medium no longer accumulated in the uterus, and hemostasis was achieved, confirming the diagnosis as UAP. Antibiotic treatment ameliorated the infection and the uterine content was expelled and absorbed. UAP can occur even without preceding procedures and may manifest www.selleckchem.com/products/s63845.html abortive, and not postpartum, hemorrhage. UAP may be hidden behind septic abortion.”
“A sensitive and simple liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method for determination of dapoxetine in rat plasma using one-step protein precipitation was developed and validated. After addition of,midazolam as internal standard (IS), protein precipitation by acetonitrile was used in sample preparation. Chromatographically separation was achieved on an SB-C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 5 mu m) column with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase with gradient elution.

Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing. Selleckchem Nepicastat Rheological measurements and morphology observations confirmed that PP nanocomposites containing the organoclay bearing C=C groups exhibited improved interfacial interaction between PP chains and MMT sheets. Thus, the PP nanocomposites showed not only higher storage modulus and complex viscosity values at low frequencies but also enhanced mechanical properties. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 1105-1112, 2010″
“Spending on hospital inpatients comprises a major proportion of healthcare costs. This study assessed the impact of systematic feedback to gastroenterologists on the cost of care provided to inpatients on a

gastrointestinal/hepatology (GIH) hospital service.

Patients with a GIH diagnosis were randomly assigned to be cared for by one of two hospital services. Over 3 months, teams were randomized to receive feedback (GIH A) or no feedback (GIH B, control group); feedback consisted eFT-508 of an email sent twice weekly to all physicians on the GIH A service detailing the length of stay (LOS) and real-time cost of care accrued by each inpatient.

Over 3 months, care was provided to 56 (GIH A) and 47 (GIH B) inpatients with a GIH illness. Patient complexity level was similar for both services as demonstrated by mean relative

value: 1.11 (GIH A) vs. 1.27 (GIH B), p = 0.2. Weighted LOS and weighted cost of care values were calculated to adjust for the respective RV of each patient. Mean weighted LOS (10.8 [GIH A] vs. 13.8 days/pt [GIH B], p = 0.02) and mean weighted cost of care (9,904 [GIH A] vs. 12,654 euros/pt [GIH B], p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the feedback group. Subsequent hospital readmission rates did not differ among both groups.

Systematic feedback on cost of care was associated with lower healthcare costs without compromising quality. Incorporating a running total of patient costs into computer software used to order patient tests may represent one approach to controlling healthcare expenses.”
“Background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) is conceived

as a multidimensional construct. Here our aim was to investigate the dimensional structure of OHQoL as measured I��B/IKK inhibitor by the Spanish versions of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaires applied simultaneously.

Methods: We recruited a consecutive sample of 270 healthy Spanish workers visiting the Employment Risk Prevention Centre for a routine medical check-up. OHIP-14 was self-completed by participants but the OIDP was completed in face-to-face interviews. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the underlying dimensions of the OHQoL construct assessed by both instruments. This factorial structure was later confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using several estimators of goodness of fit indices.

At this optimum T/B weight ratio, the C(ion-) values of T/B compounds filled PP and EPDM/PP composite specimens reached another maximum as their total compound loadings reached the optimum loading of 6 and 4 wt %, respectively. The C(ion-) values of the PP/T/B and EPDM/PP/T/B specimens increased significantly as they were tested under dynamic mode or by increasing the testing temperatures. The T and/or T/B powders filled PP and E-PDM/PP specimens exhibited significantly higher tensile strength (sigma(f)) and elongation at break (epsilon(f)) values than did the B filled PP and EPDM/PP specimens with the same filler loadings, respectively. Energy dispersive X-rays, particle size, and SEM morphology analysis of

the filler particles present in the T, B, and T/B filled composite specimens were performed to understand these interesting negative air ion and tensile Crenolanib datasheet properties. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 1097-1110, 2009″
“Transgenic loci obtained after Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation can be simple, but fairly often they contain multiple T-DNA copies integrated into the plant genome. To understand the origin of complex T-DNA loci, floral-dip and root transformation experiments were carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana with mixtures of A. tumefaciens strains, each harboring one or two different T-DNA

vectors. Upon floral-dip transformation, 6-30% of the transformants were co-transformed by multiple

T-DNAs originating from different bacteria and 20-36% by different T-DNAs from one GSK2118436 inhibitor strain. However, these co-transformation frequencies were too low to explain the presence of on average 4-6 T-DNA copies in these transformants, suggesting that, upon floral-dip transformation, T-DNA replication frequently occurs before or during integration after the transfer of single T-DNA copies. Upon root transformation, the co-transformation www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-06463922.html frequencies of T-DNAs originating from different bacteria were similar or slightly higher (between 10 and 60%) than those obtained after floral-dip transformation, whereas the co-transformation frequencies of different T-DNAs from one strain were comparable (24-31%). Root transformants generally harbor only one to three T-DNA copies, and thus co-transformation of different T-DNAs can explain the T-DNA copy number in many transformants, but T-DNA replication is postulated to occur in most multicopy root transformants. In conclusion, the comparable co-transformation frequencies and differences in complexity of the T-DNA loci after floral-dip and root transformations indicate that the T-DNA copy number is highly determined by the transformation-competent target cells.”
“Objective-To describe the procedure and clinical usefulness of locking-loop pigtail nephrostomy catheter (PNC) placement in dogs and cats.

Design-Retrospective case series.

Animals-16 cats (18 kidneys) and 4 dogs (4 kidneys) that underwent PNC placement.

The rate of SSIs and the risk factors for their occurrence were calculated and compared between the two groups.

Results: Antisepsis with chlorhexidine and alcohol was

associated with a lower rate of SSIs, 10.43% versus 3.07% with povidone-iodine (p=0.08). The two groups of patients were similar in baseline characteristics. Risk factors associated with SSIs were body mass index, urgent CS, and the use of the povidone-iodine protocol.

Conclusions: Antisepsis with Chlorhexidine-based regimen was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of SSIs compared to povidone-iodine antisepsis in women undergoing elective and non-elective CS. This is of extreme clinical importance, as a change Selleckchem AZD7762 in antisepsis protocol can significantly reduce the morbidity and healthcare costs regarding cesarean sections.”
“We have used Brownian dynamics-finite

element method to examine two conformational preconditioning approaches for improving DNA stretching in a microcontraction for the purpose of direct gene analysis. The newly 3-MA order proposed “”pre-stretching”" strategy is found to significantly improve the degree of DNA extension at the exit of the contraction. On the other hand, applying an oscillating extensional field to DNA yields no preconditioning effect. Detailed analysis of the evolution of DNA extension and conformation reveals that the success of our “”pre-stretching”" strategy relies on the “”non-local”" effect that cannot be predicted using simple kinematics analysis. In other words, accurate prediction can only be obtained using detailed simulations. Comparing to

the existing preconditioning strategies, our “”pre-stretching”" method is easy to implement while still providing a very good performance. We hope that the insight gained from this study can be useful for future design of biomicrofluidic devices for DNA manipulation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3655565]“
“BACKGROUND A large number of commercial antiwrinkle and antiaging compounds are available to consumers for rejuvenation of facial skin ravaged by age or solar radiation. Experimental data compound inhibitor on the histological effects of these commercial products in laboratory models are sparse.

OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of topical application of five commercially available antiaging compounds (retinoic acid, glycolic acid, vitamin C, estrogen, and soy) on the dorsal skin.

METHODS AND MATERIALS The effects were examined using light microscopic analysis of the epidermis in the normal nonirradiated hairless mouse. The agents were applied daily to dorsal tattooed areas for 2 weeks before histological assessment; neighboring untreated surface areas were used as control.

Results For example, the Da Qing study proved the efficacy of lifestyle modification with respect to manifestation of diabetes, but failed to show clear benefits regarding cardiovascular mortality. Several studies raised doubt, whether the concept of optimally reducing glucose is the LY3039478 chemical structure optimal treatment for improving cardiovascular endpoints. Moreover other studies, such as Steno-2, showed an impressive effect of a multimodal therapy on hard endpoints.

Conclusions In the future, the focus on new strategies for individualized therapies will increase. Additionally,

approaches targeting novel molecular pathways are on the horizon, since plasma levels of posttranslationally modified proteins such as HbA1c are strong cardiovascular risk predictors despite normal glucose levels. For the clinician, it now becomes obvious that epidemiologically proven associations

do not necessarily BTSA1 supplier reflect causality. Studies addressing defined clinical endpoints, such as micro-and macrovascular morbidity and mortality are needed, as well as basic research, investigating other pathophysiological mechanisms, e. g., reactive metabolites and the digestive tract. The unexplained reduction in diabetes and its complications by bariatric surgery will give further insight not only into new therapeutic approaches, but also into mechanisms yet to be discovered.”
“The objective of this study was to assess the impact of bariatric surgery performed in extremely obese non-diabetic subjects on the following parameters: endothelial function, inflammatory processes (assessed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), and glucose

and lipid profiles.

Forty-seven obese individuals with body mass index > 40 kg/m(2) underwent bariatric surgery and returned for post-procedure assessment between 6 and 19 months after surgery. Ninety-three percent of patients were female. Their age ranged from 18 to 65 (mean 41) years old at baseline. Baseline was CRT0066101 in vivo defined as the maximum of 30 days before surgery. Before and after surgery, all patients were subjected to a brachial artery ultrasound examination to evaluate endothelial-dependent dilation, CIMT by ultrasound, and laboratory analyses including glucose, lipid and inflammatory profiles were performed.

Subjects lost an average of 33 % of their original weight (p < 0.001). Flow-mediated dilation showed significant improvement after surgery from 7.4 % to 18.9 % (p < 0.001) on average. There was regression of CIMT, with the median being reduced from 0.8 to 0.5 mm (p < 0.001). The median Hs-CRP reduced from 0.83 to 0.18 mg/dl (p < 0.001), while glucose and lipid profiles were also improved after surgery.

Trolox modulation of these biomarkers and its ability to quench free radicals explain the recovery of LPO values in all organs at 24 h and also in gills at 48 h. Histopathologically, Trolox efficacy was more evident after 72 h. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 54: 563-579, 2009.”
“Acute dissection of the descending thoracic

aorta carries a 30-day mortality of around 10% with best medical treatment (BMT). In addition, about 25% will develop an aneurysm during the following 4-5 years.

This is the first ever randomised trial on acute dissections comparing BMT with. BMT and stent grafting of the proximal tear in patients having an uncomplicated acute dissection of the descending aorta. The commonly used temporal definition of acute dissection being BI-D1870 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor within 14 days of onset of symptoms is applied.

A total of 61 patients will be randomised and followed at regular intervals (1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24,30 and 36 months) after acute dissection. PHA-848125 molecular weight Thrombosis of the false lumen, aortic enlargement and rupture are the primary end points.

The study will examine whether aortic remodelling occurs after stent grafting in acute type B dissections, and its effect on aneurysm formation, rupture and re-intervention.. (C) 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been used in commercial applications and detected in environmental

matrices. This study focuses on whether PFOA affects the function of immune organs (spleen and thymus). Male ICR mice were exposed to 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 ppm of PFOA in drinking water for 21 days. PFOA differently altered T lymphocyte populations. In the spleen, all doses of PFOA decreased CD8(+) lymphocytes; CD4(+) lymphocytes were increased by 50 and 250 ppm of PFOA. Exposure to 250 ppm of PFOA increased CD8(+) lymphocytes in the thymus. in the histopathological

evaluation, the spleen of 250 ppm PFOA-treated groups revealed the increase of lymphoid hyperplasia of white pulp without significant alteration of red pulp. The thymus of 250 ppm PFOA-treated Bucladesine research buy group showed decreased thickness of the cortex and medulla, but lymphoid cells were more densely arranged. PFOA elevated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6) in the spleen, and proto-oncogene, c-myc, in the spleen and thymus. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that PFOA has an immunomodulatory effect by altering T lymphocyte phenotypes and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines., (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 580-588, 2009.”
“Although the absolute indication for endoscopic resection (ER) in gastric cancer is widely accepted, expanded indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is still regarded as investigational because of the risk of concomitant lymph node (LN) metastasis or recurrence following ESD.

Radiographic examination revealed bridging osteoproliferation along the abaxial and palmar aspects of affected DIJs (18/21), subchondral cyst-like lucencies (19/21), and sclerosis (16/21). The DIJ was resected in 3 calves (7 joints), resulting in resolution of lameness within 3 months. Medical management was attempted in 4 calves (6 joints), and 2 calves (6 joints) did not receive treatment; 5 calves had a normal stance within 5 months. Results of postmortem computed tomographic and histologic examination were in accordance with degenerative joint click here disease processes.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Degenerative disease of the DIJ should

be considered in calves Mekinist with insidious, progressive forelimb lameness. Although the etiology of this process remains undetermined, results of radiographic, computed tomographic, and histologic

examinations suggested an underlying developmental anomaly, such as osteochondrosis. Surgical treatment appeared promising on the basis of postoperative resolution of lameness in all surgically treated calves. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 234: 794-799)”
“Background: Determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using plasma disappearance curves requires the injection of a filtration marker and repeated timed blood collections. Gadolinium-containing contrast media are excreted exclusively by glomerular filtration and could provide a novel approach

to quantifying GFR using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring GFR by the clearance of gadolinium-containing contrast medium in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: Informed consent was obtained from stable CKD patients in stages 1, 2 PF-04929113 price or 3 (n=16; 5 women, 11 men; median age 54 years). GFR was measured after a bolus injection of gadobutrol (4 mL, approximately 0.05 mmol/kg) and calculated from the washout of the signal intensity obtained over the liver. The obtained MR-GFR was compared with simultaneously measured plasma clearance of inulin and gadobutrol.

Results: Technical failure occurred in 2 patients. The mean obtained MR-GFR was 71 +/- 25 (SD) mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and agreed well with the mean inulin-GFR (70 +/- 24 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was r=0.91. The mean of the paired differences was 1 +/- 10 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and not significantly different from zero. GFR obtained from gadobutrol plasma clearance also agreed well with inulin-GFR and MR-GFR (r=0.92 and r=0.75, respectively).

Conclusions: We describe a novel method of determining GFR from MR imaging using a low dose of gadobutrol in patients with reduced GFR that enables the absolute quantification of GFR after routine contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

“
“Bio-based poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and poly(ether esteramide) (PEEA) blends were prepared by melt processing with varying weight ratios (0-20 wt %) of ionomers such as lithium-neutralized poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer (EMAA-Li) and sodium-neutralized poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer (EMAA-Na). The

blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DSC and PLM results showed that EMAA-Na increased the crystallization rate for PTT significantly, whereas EMAA-Li did not enhance the crystallization rate at all. Specific interactions between PEEA and ionomers were confirmed by DSC and TEM. Electrostatic ATM/ATR inhibitor performance was also investigated for those PTT blends Bromosporine supplier because PEEA is known as an ion-conductive polymer. Here, we confirmed that both sodium and lithium ionomers work as a synergist to enhance the static decay performance of PTT/PEEA blends. Morphological study of these ternary blends systems was conducted by TEM. Dispersed ionomer domains were encapsulated by PEEA,

which increases the interfacial surface area between PEEA and the PTT matrix. This encapsulation effect explains the unexpected synergy for the static dissipation performance on addition of ionomers to PTT/PEEA blends. This core-shell morphology can be predicted by calculating spreading coefficient for the ternary blends. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl

Polym Sci 119: 2714-2724, 2011″
“Background: Previous studies of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in children have provided little information on potential risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of race, chronic medical conditions and treatments, and recent vaccination, on the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in children vaccinated with one dose of varicella vaccine.

Methods: Case subjects were identified from a cohort of subjects who were members of the Southern California Kaiser Permanente Health Plan and received primary immunization with a single-antigen live varicella vaccine selleck chemicals llc at age <= 12 years from 2002 to 2008. Control subjects free of HZ during the study period were matched at a 5: 1 ratio to each case subject on date of birth and sex. Race information was obtained from membership files, health records, and phone interview. Immunization history, medical history, and health care utilization were identified from Southern California Kaiser Permanente Health Plan electronic records.

Results: During this time, 122 children were diagnosed with HZ. With adjustment for the number of hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and length of time between vaccination with varicella vaccine and the onset of HZ, Black children were at lower risk of developing HZ than were White (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.17-0.98) and Asian children (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.11-0.84).

The purpose

of this study is to introduce novel features extracted from the kinetics of contrast agent uptake imaged by a short (100 s) view-sharing MRI protocol, and to investigate how these features measure up to commonly used features for regular DCE-MRI of the breast. Performance is measured with a computer aided diagnosis (CADx) system aimed at distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4-hydroxytamoxifen-4-ht-afimoxifene.html A bi-temporal breast MRI protocol was used. This protocol produces five regular, high spatial-resolution T1-weighted acquisitions interleaved with a series of 20 ultrafast view-sharing acquisitions during contrast agent uptake. We measure and compare the performances of morphological and Nutlin-3 in vivo kinetic features derived from both the regular DCE-MRI sequence and the ultrafast view-sharing sequence with four different classifiers. The classification performance of kinetics derived from the short (100 s) ultrafast acquisition starting with contrast agent administration, is significantly higher than the performance of kinetics derived from a much lengthier (510 s), commonly used 3-D gradient echo acquisition. When combined with morphology information all classifiers show a higher performance for the ultrafast

acquisition (two out of four results are significantly better).”
“In the past 15 years, new endoscopic methods have been developed in order to improve VX-770 the detection of early bronchial cancers, with autofluorescence bronchoscopy being the leading technique. However, autofluorescence bronchoscopy is hampered by the low specificity of the fluorescence defect which ranges from 25

to 50%, and its limitation to the proximal bronchial tree from which arise only half of the lung cancers that are currently diagnosed. To overcome these limitations, other techniques emerge including video/autofluorescence bronchoscopy, narrow band imaging, optical coherence tomography, and ‘endomicroscopy’ using confocal fluorescent laser microscopy. These emerging techniques provide new insight into bronchology, extending the field of exploration from the proximal bronchus down to the most distal part of the lungs, and from macroscopy to in vivo cellular imaging. In the near future, they may enable in vivo, minimally invasive, ‘pathological grade’ evaluation of abnormal bronchial or parenchymal lung tissue. Whereas promising pioneer work has recently been published, careful assessment is required before these methods find a place in the evaluation strategy of early lung cancer and other lung diseases. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Piriformis pyomyositis is defined as a subacute infection of skeletal muscles associated with systemic infectious symptoms. In the literature it rarely occurs postpartum. We report a case of piriformis pyomyositis involving a parturient and review the published cases available in the literature.

The purpose of this article is to describe the core category that emerged from the study as well as the conditions precipitating decision making and the consequences of decision making for mothers with cancer.

Methods and sample: A qualitative methodology based on the tenets of constructivist grounded theory was used to conduct ten interviews with eight mothers with cancer.

Key results: Data analysis revealed

the core category, the conditions of the decision situation as well as the consequences of decision making. The core category was the meaning that AZD1208 purchase mothers made of decisions, specifically that each decision was made to maintain the mother child bond. The conditions of the mothers’ lives influenced the meaning mothers assigned to decisions. The consequences of decision making were displayed by these mothers through coping strategies to facilitate maintaining the mother check details child bond in times of distress.

Conclusions: The conditions of the mothers’ lives created a context in which mothers made meaning of decisions. Mothers aimed to maintain their bonds with their children in the decision making process and used various coping strategies as

a consequence to distress from decisional situations. The results have implications for future decision making research in cancer care. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of this study was to validate a self-administered version of the already validated interviewer-administered Australian pelvic floor questionnaire.

The questionnaire was completed by 163 women attending an urogynecological clinic. Face and convergent validity was assessed. Reliability testing and comparison with the interviewer-administered version was performed in a subset of 105 patients.

Responsiveness was evaluated in a subset of 73 women.

Missing data did not exceed 4% for any question. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were acceptable in all domains. Kappa coefficients for the test-retest analyses varied from 0.64-1.0. Prolapse symptoms correlated significantly with the pelvic organ prolapse quantification. Crenigacestat chemical structure Urodynamics confirmed the reported symptom stress incontinence in 70%. The self and interviewer-administered questionnaires demonstrated equivalence. Effect sizes ranged from 0.6 to 1.4.

This self-administered pelvic floor questionnaire assessed pelvic floor function in a reproducible and valid fashion and due to its responsiveness, can be used for routine clinical assessment and outcome research.”
“Self-organized criticality is an attractive model for human brain dynamics, but there has been little direct evidence for its existence in large-scale systems measured by neuroimaging. In general, critical systems are associated with fractal or power law scaling, long-range correlations in space and time, and rapid reconfiguration in response to external inputs.