, 2006b, Nava et al., 2008b and Szabó et al., 2007), rabbits because they are usual hosts for ticks in laboratory colonies and guinea pigs because of the importance Cell Cycle inhibitor of the Caviidae rodents in the cycle of A. parvum immature ticks in Argentina ( Nava et al., 2006b). All hosts were from both genders and adults, except for cattle, which were younger (10–20 days of age) to allow easier handling. Cattle (Holstein-Friesian calves) were from the herd

of the Federal University of Uberlândia, rabbits (New Zealand) and guinea pigs (English type) were purchased from commercial breeders, healthy mongrel dogs were provided by the Zoonosis Control Center of the city of Uberlândia. For the experiments dogs were vaccinated. After experiments dogs were spayed and donated. Rabbits and guinea pigs were tick-bite naïve Selleckchem Buparlisib at the beginning of experiments whereas bovines were previously exposed to Rhipicephalus microplus infestations. Dog previous exposure to ticks was uncertain but Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestations are very common in the city ( Szabó et al., 2010). Animals were not treated for ticks before experiments. Experimental infestation of cattle occurred in the Experimental Glória Farm, that of dogs in the experimental kennels from the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and rabbits and guinea

pigs were infested in the Ixodologia Laboratory, all from the Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. With the exception of cattle, all hosts used restriction collars to avoid grooming. A. parvum ticks used in experimental infestations were from colonies of distinct populations, one from Araguapaz, Goiás, Brazil, and the other from El Tunal, Salta Province, Argentina. Ticks from these localities were shown to represent populations from Argentina and Brazil with high divergence of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequences as described earlier ( Nava et al., 2008a). This divergence was confirmed

with samples from the tick colonies used in this work (data no shown). To lessen interference of tick laboratory breeding on tick biology, colonies were established specifically for the experiments herein reported and for all experiments parasites ranged from third to sixth laboratory generation, and were, approximately, fifteen days old. Tick colonies were held at 27 °C, 85% of humidity, at daily photoperiod Montelukast Sodium of 12 h light–12 h dark and fed on rabbits as described by Szabó et al. (1995). All experimental infestations occurred in summer (December/2011 to March/2012) and inside feeding chambers glued to the shaved back of hosts as described before (Szabó et al., 1995). Six feeding chambers were glued to each dog (n = 5), cattle (n = 5), and rabbit (n = 5). For each host, each of the six chambers held ticks from one stage (adult, nymphal, or larval) from either Argentinian or Brazilian origin; thus, each host was infected simultaneously with all stages and both tick populations.