5 ml human whole blood.

Duplicate sets of three replicates for each dilution were prepared. Total DNA from one set of tubes was isolated immediately while 1.5 ml BSKII medium with 6% rabbit serum was added to the second set of tubes. Total DNA from this set of tubes was isolated using the method described above after incubation of the tubes at 33°C for 48 h. From 100 μl of total DNA suspension, 5 μl of sample was used for real-time PCR. Unspun human whole blood with EDTA was purchased from Biological Specialty Corporation (Colmar, PA) through Fisher Scientific. Experiment with the human blood was conducted under the protocol of the corresponding author approved by the Institutional Review Board of New Jersey Medical School. DHHS Federal Wide Assurance is provided to New Jersey Medical School for work involving selleck kinase inhibitor human samples. Since no patients participated in this study, consent form was not needed. Molecular beacon design Design of molecular beacon probe to hybridize to the recA gene of Lyme spirochetes RG7420 manufacturer and tagged with FAM fluorophore and BHQ-1 quencher were described previously [61]. Other molecular beacon probes were designed using the previously described strategies [64]. Briefly, molecular beacon probes for; ACTA1 gene amplicon was tagged with Quasar 670 fluorophore and BHQ-2 quencher, BmTPK

amplicon with CAL Fluor Orange 560 fluorophore and BHQ-1 quencher and APH1387 amplicon using CAL Fluor Red 610 and BHQ-2 quencher. The lengths of the probe

sequences were chosen so that they would form a stable hybrid with the target at the annealing temperature (60°C) of the PCR assay. The 5’ and 3’ arm sequences of the molecular beacons were designed to form a stable hybrid at 5 to 10°C above the annealing temperature of the PCR assay. The fluorophores and quenchers were chosen based on the specifications of the spectrofluorometric Tau-protein kinase thermal cycler Wnt inhibitor platform on which the assays were carried out and their compatibility in one multiplex assay. The sequences of the molecular beacons used in this study are listed in Table 1. A detailed protocol for the synthesis and purification of molecular beacons can be found at http://​www.​molecular-beacons.​org. For this study, molecular beacons were ordered from Biosearch Technologies, CA. Initial standardization of PCR conditions was conducted by using SYBR Green I dye (Life Technologies, NY) and was followed by replacing SYBR Green with specific molecular beacon probes in the assays. Real-time PCR assays Since genome sizes of B. burgdorferi and human are 1.5 Mb and 3.2 Gb respectively, 2 ng of B. burgdorferi genomic DNA contains approximately 106 copies of recA gene, while 350 ng of human genomic DNA contains approximately 105 copies of ACTA1 gene. A 222 bp fragment from recA gene of B.