An alternative to increase the application of carbon ceramic electrodes as electrochemical sensors is the modification of these Gemcitabine manufacturer materials Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries using electron mediator species, such as organic or inorganic complexes and enzymes [12�C14]. These mediators can provide new interesting features to these electrodes, such as the shift of peak potential of the analyte species to less positive potentials, thus increasing the sensitivity of the electrode [15�C17]. Recently, a CCE modified with SnO2 and cobalt phthalocyanine was described. The obtained material resulted in a homogeneous material with good dispersion, which was applied to oxalic acid determination at 0.84 V (SCE) [18]. In this context, Salimi and Abdi constructed an Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries amperometric sensor for hydrazine and hydroxylamine detection based on CCE modification with powdered nickel and subsequent deposition film of nickel hexacyanoferrate.

The analytical parameters obtained for the modified CCE showed better results than those obtained for the unmodified CCE, justifying the advantage of electrode modification for determination of species of environmental interest [19]. Another interesting Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries application for the carbon ceramic composite is related to the construction of biosensors. The detection of glucose was proposed by Tian et al., who developed a sensor consisting of polypyrrole (ppy) electrochemical deposition in the presence of glucose oxidase on the surface of a CCE with HRP incorporated during the sol-gel process. This biosensor has shown considerable sensibility to the analyte, with a high stability within the period of three weeks [20].

Ferrocene-derived compounds are examples of electrons mediators highly used in electrochemical systems and also in enzymatic reactions [21,22]. ascorbate determination [23]. dopamine [24]. pH and oxygen sensing Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries [25]. Fernandez and Carrero reported a glassy carbon chemically modified using surfactant/clay films, containing ferrocenedicarboxylic acid. The results showed that low concentrations of ascorbic acid and uric acid are easily oxidized by the proposed electrode [26].This paper reports the development of a CCE modified with ferrocenecarboxylic acid (CCE/Fc). The electrode was characterized by voltammetric techniques and applied as an electrochemical sensor for dopamine, which is an important neurotransmitter and is related to several diseases such as schizophrenia and parkinsonism Cilengitide [27,28].

Therefore, the development of methods for the quantification of dopamine in blood and biological fluids is the subject of intense current investigation [29�C31]. The importance of using a carboxylated ferrocene derivative as a mediator for DA detection is related to the fact that the carboxylic groups depending Romidepsin of the solution pH could facilitate the interaction between this analyte and the electrode surface.