Cannabidiol significantly prevented infarction and MPO activity at 20 h after reperfusion. These effects of cannabidiol were not inhibited by either SR141716 or AM630. Cannabidiol inhibited the MPO-positive cells expressing HMGB1 and also decreased the expression level of HMGB1 in plasma. In addition, cannabidiol decreased
the number of lba1- and GFAP-positive cells at 3 days after cerebral ischemia. Moreover, cannabidiol improved neurological score CH5183284 and motor coordination on the rota-rod test. Our results suggest that cannabidiol inhibits monocyte/macropharge expressing HMGB1 followed by preventing glial activation and neurological impairment induced by cerebral ischemia. Cannabidiol will open new therapeutic possibilities for post-ischemic injury via HMGB1-inhibiting mechanism. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“Objective: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass for correction of congenital heart disease in neonates and small infants is associated with considerable neurologic sequelae. We Ro 61-8048 nmr assessed the extent to which mixed venous oxygen saturation as a measure for adequacy of perfusion, reflects the oxygenation status of upper and lower body compartments. Moreover, we evaluated potential
benefits of near-infrared spectroscopic monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation.
Methods: Twenty patients (body weight, 10 kg) undergoing open cardiac procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained in parallel from inferior and superior caval vein cannulas and mixed venous line and assessed for venous oxygen saturation Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase and lactate levels. Data were compared to simultaneously measured tissue oxygenation indices obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy
from brain and lower limb.
Results: Venous oxygen saturation was lower and lactate concentration higher in blood from superior relative to inferior venous line. Mixed venous oxygen saturation correlated with venous oxygen saturation from inferior venous line and tissue oxygenation index of lower limb. No correlation was found between mixed venous oxygen saturation and venous oxygen saturation from superior venous line or cerebral tissue oxygenation index.
Conclusion: In neonates and small infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, considerable regional differences exist in venous oxygen saturation. Mixed venous oxygen saturation primarily represents lower-torso oxygen status but poorly reflects and systematically overestimates upper-body oxygenation. Near-infrared spectroscopy yields additional information on regional oxygenation and may be valuable in early and sensitive detection of regional malperfusion in critical organs such as the brain.