Due to the patchiness of the forests, the subplots could not always be realized next to each other, but were selected as close to each other as possible Stattic solubility dmso in apparently homogeneous remnants of forests. The AM plots were visited six times from August 2003 until October 2005, and preferably in or just after the rainy season. Sampling Macrofungi

in all AR plots were recorded during 6 or 7 visits during a three and a half year-period (January 1998 to July 2001), while the AM plots were explored 5 or 6 times during 3 years (August 2003 to October 2005). Each plot was preferably visited in or just after the rainy season as it is well documented that this strongly benefits sporocarp production (Henkel et al. 2005). The sampling efforts took 2 weeks per visit on average. The following definitions were used: sporocarp is mushroom; collection represents the sporocarps of a species that are collected at a site at a time point, and that supposedly, represented a single ‘AZD1390 price mycelium/individual’; record is the number of sporocarps of a species in a sample at a time point; sample is

the assemblage/community at a site/plot at a time point; productivity (=total abundance) is the total number of sporocarps of a species or of the assemblage/community at a site at a time point. During each visit a representative number of sporocarps of each morphological BLZ945 order species was collected, photographed in situ when possible, packed in waxed paper, and transported in a basket for further processing. They were described and preserved according to protocols given by Largent (1986) and Lodge et al. (2004). Morphological identification of specimens was carried out with the RANTES use of keys and, in some cases, in collaboration

with specialists. Throughout the studies we used the morphological species concept, which may provide an underestimation of the actual number of species present. Fungal nomenclature followed the 10th edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. 2008). All specimens collected are preserved in herbarium HUA (Medellín, Colombia, Suppl. Table 1). In addition, the number of sporocarps, their habitat and substrates were recorded. The macrofungi were found to occur on nine substrates, namely soil, trunk (diameter >2.5 cm), twigs (diameter <2.5 cm), living trees, fallen leaves, fruit shell, trash produced by ants, termite nests, and insects. Data on plant diversity present in the AR and AR-PR sites were taken from Vester (1997; Vester and Cleef 1998) and Londoño and coworkers (1995, Londoño and Alvarez 1997), respectively. Because the above mentioned plant inventories were made some time ago, we performed a new inventory of the tree biodiversity in the Araracuara (except AR-PR), and the Amacayacu plots by listing the presence of trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) equal or thicker than 2.5 cm (Suppl. Table 2). Plant nomenclature followed Mabberley’s Plant Book (Mabberley 2008).