FOS and GPS (each n = 19) were matched concerning age, intelligence, comorbid addiction, medication and illness duration. FOS revealed significantly poorer affect recognition (AR) performance, especially of neutral and fear stimuli. Analysis of ERPs revealed a significant interaction of hemisphere, electrode position and group of the N250 component. Post hoc analysis PKC412 mw of group effect showed significantly larger amplitudes in FOS at FC3. These results support the hypothesis that in FOS emotional faces are more salient and evoke higher arousal. Larger

impairment in AR performance combined with higher salience and arousal may contribute to the occurrence of violent acts in schizophrenia patients. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Background. DSM-IV and ICD-10 are atheoretical and largely descriptive. Although this achieves good reliability, the validity of diagnoses can be increased by an understanding of risk factors and other clinical features. In an effort to group mental disorders on this basis, five clusters have been proposed. We now consider the second cluster, namely neurodevelopmental disorders.

Method. We reviewed the literature in relation to 11 validating criteria proposed by a DSM-V Task Force Study Group.

Results. This cluster reflects disorders of neurodevelopment rather than a ‘childhood’

disorders cluster. It comprises disorders subcategorized in DSM-IV and ICD-10 as Mental Veliparib Retardation; Learning, Motor, and Communication Disorders; and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Although these disorders seem to be heterogeneous, they share similarities on some risk and clinical factors. There is evidence of a neurodevelopmental genetic phenotype, the disorders have an early emerging and continuing course, and all have salient cognitive

symptoms. Within-cluster co-morbidity also supports grouping these disorders together. Other childhood disorders currently listed in DSM-IV share similarities with the Externalizing and this website Emotional clusters. These include Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Separation Anxiety Disorder. The Tic, Eating/Feeding and Elimination disorders, and Selective Mutisms were allocated to the ‘Not Yet Assigned’ group.

Conclusion. Neurodevelopmental disorders meet some of the salient criteria proposed by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) to suggest a classification cluster.”
“It is known that angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 catalyzes Ang II to Any 1-7 to prevent the detrimental effect of Any II on blood pressure, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. However, mechanisms of renoprotective role of Ace2 remain largely unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that deficiency of Ace2 may accelerate intrarenal Ang II-mediated fibrosis and inflammation independent of blood pressure in a model of unilateral ureteral obstructive (UUO) nephropathy induced in Ace2(+/y) and Ace2(-/y) mice.