However, in contrast with the yak library, Methanobrevibacter wolinii was only found in the cattle library. Clones related to Methanimicrococcus blatticola Adriamycin cost and Methanomicrobium mobile were found in both libraries. Bacteria and methanogens has constantly interacted with each other in the rumen microbial communities [25], Sustainable growth of bacteria and methanogen in syntrophic communities depend on transfer of hydrogen and formate

and reverse electron transfer [26]. In the present study, methanogens from the TALC cluster were the dominant sequences in the yak and cattle rumen in the QTP area. However, the metabolic mechanism of this methanogen group is not yet clear; the investigation of fermentive bacteria species in yak and cattle could help understanding these syntrophic microbial communities. Conclusions The current study revealed for the first time the molecular diversity of methanogen community HDAC inhibitor in yaks and cattle in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area in China. The differences in methanogen

diversity found in the present study, may help to explain, to some extent, the differences associated with the low methane production contributed to the adaptation of the yak to the harsh forage environment in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Yaks have co-evolved with a unique rumen microbial ecosystem that is significantly different from that of cattle, even when feed similar diets. Understanding these particularities will yield development of technology for reducing methane emission intensity by optimizing dietary conditions to exploit the full potential of the yak ruminal ecosystem and function. However, native grazing might be a limited Selleck Pembrolizumab factor for this experiment, since feed intake could significantly influence the rumen microbiota. This study also contributes to the understanding of the buy Fedratinib specific features of the rumen microbial ecosystem of yaks

which have adapted to high altitude ecosystems which may help to explain the differential rates of methanogenesis compared to cattle. Methods Animals and diet Samples of individual rumen contents were obtained from four domestic cattle (BW: 160 ± 5kg, Age: 4 ± 0.4 years) and four domesticated yaks (body weight: 180 ± 5 kg, Age: 4 ± 0.6 years) in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau (QTP) in China. The animals were maintained outdoors, grazing a Kobresia pasture. Approximately 100 ml of rumen contents were collected using a 1.5 cm diameter stomach tube attached to an electric pump. The animal sampling procedure strictly followed the rules and regulations of experimental field management protocols (file No: 2010–1 and 2010–2) which were approved by the Lanzhou University.