Hybridization was performed with a DIG-labeled probe prepared from a PCR DIG probe synthesis kit (Roche) for 12 hr at 68oC. After hybridization, the membrane was treated with alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-DIG Fab fragments, and the hybridized DNA was then detected by colorimetric reaction with nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate. Chromosomal DNA isolated from V. mimicus 7PT was completely digested with various restriction enzymes, and the digested DNA fragments were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a DIG-labeled probe D that was amplified by PCR with a primer pair VM3-DF (5′-GCTCGCTAGTGCAATTGTTGTAGC-3′)

and VM3-DR (5′-TTGAGCTTTAGCCAGTAGATTGCC-3′). Finally, the approximately 5-kb BamHI-digested fragments hybridized with the probe D were ligated into the same site of pUC19, and the resulting plasmids transformed Selleck Dinaciclib into E. coli H1717. Colonies on LB agar plates containing ampicillin were selected by colony blot hybridization using the probe D. DNA sequences were determined with an ABI PRISM 3130XL sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Sequence reactions were performed by using a BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing

kit (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The ORF Finder program (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html) was used to find ORF, and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with the database using BLASTP programs. Multiple alignments of the amino acid sequences were carried out with ClustalW version 1.83 program on the GenomeNet server at Kyoto University Bioinformatics Center (http://align.genome.jp/). Metabolisms tumor OMP-rich fractions were prepared from ΔiucD, ΔiucDΔmhuA, and ΔiucDΔmhuA/pRK415-mhuA strains grown in −Fe (with DPD) medium as described previously (10). RNA was extracted from V. mimicus cells grown in +Fe or −Fe (with DPD) medium using an RNeasy protect bacteria mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to Endonuclease the manufacturer’s protocol. Extracted RNA was then treated with

RNase-free DNase I (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol, and the amount of RNA was quantified by measuring absorbance at 260 nm. RT-qPCR was performed in cDNA generated from 1 μg of DNase I-treated RNA with PrimeScript reverse transcriptase (Takara) and the following oligonucleotide primers: for 16S rRNA, Vibrio16srRNA-R (5′-CCCTTCCTCACTGCTGAAAGT-3′); for mhuA, mhuA-qPCR-R (5′-TTGAATTGTGATTGTTGTTCAGC-3′); and for mhuB, mhuB-qPCR-R (5′-TTTCTCCCTAGCCTCTTCGTT-3′). qPCR reactions were carried out with a Chromo 4 Real-Time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad) by use of a SYBR Premix Ex Taq (Takara) and the following primer pairs: for 16S rRNA, Vibrio16srRNA-F (5′-CTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTG-3′) and Vibrio16srRNA-R1; for mhuA, mhuA-qPCR-F (5′-GCTCGCTAGTGCAATTGTTG-3′) and mhuA-qPCR-R; and for mhuB, mhuB-qPCR-F (5′-GGGTTGCTGCTCCTACTCAC-3′) and mhuB-qPCR-R.