In murine models of alcoholic liver disease the engagement of IFN-β pathways is known to protect against liver inflammation. Although patients with alcoholic cirrhosis have bacterial translocation VX-809 research buy and LPS release, their ability to activate IFN-β is unknown. We hypothesized that LPS induction of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) might be defective in immune cells from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Aims: To assess IFN-β pathways in immune cells from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and healthy

subjects as well as the effects of other PAMPs and the influence of the etiology of cirrhosis. Methods: 75 patients with cirrhosis (64 alcoholic, 11 HCV) and 33 healthy subjects were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained and cells were stimulated or not with PAMPs or increasing concentrations of “exogenous” IFN-β. PAMPs included LPS, polyIC alone (TLR3 agonist) or combined with lipofectamine (RIG-I-like receptors agonist). Cell production of IFN-β was measured in the supernatant by ELISA. RT-qPCR monitored expression of 47 bona fide ISGs. Results: LPS-induced

IFN-β production was found to be significantly lower (-64%) in cells from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis than in “healthy” cells. Even if the 47 ISGs were induced (>2-fold) in both groups, 68% of LPS-induced ISGs had a significantly lower expression in “alcoholic”

than “healthy” cells. Similar differences Alvelestat in IFN-β production and ISG induction were found in alcoholic and healthy cells check details when the 2 other PAMPs were used. Compared to healthy cells, alcoholic cells had a significant rightward shift in the concentration-response curve to IFN-β for each ISG induction, indicating that defective IFN-β signaling played a role in ISG under-expression in alcoholic cirrhosis. Finally, during LPS stimulation, while 32 ISGs were under-expressed in alcoholic cells, the expression of only 9 ISGs was significantly decreased in “HCV” cells indicating that defective ISG induction is a hallmark of alcoholic cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis showed that low basal ISG expression in alcoholic cells played a major role in decreased PAMP-induced ISG induction, which is another mechanism of inhibition. Conclusions: This study shows that inhibition of IFN-β production, signaling and ISGs induction is a multilevel process that is specific for PAMP-activated immune cells in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. These results suggest that defective IFN-β pathways may be an important factor of susceptibility to liver inflammation in alcoholic cirrhosis.