In the multivariable models, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Final models were checked to ensure that the assumptions of linear regression were met. All analyses were performed using sas v. 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). A total of 98

individuals met the eligibility criteria. Table 1 shows demographic, cardiovascular and HIV characteristics overall, by ATV status (ATV vs. no ATV) and by total bilirubin level (≥75th percentile vs. <75th percentile). Comparing 17-AAG mw participants on ATV with those not on ATV, the groups were similar except for total bilirubin level, insulin and HOMA-IR. Total bilirubin was higher in the ATV group [median (IQR) 1.8 (1.1–2.6) vs. 0.4 (0.3–0.5) mg/dL for those not on ATV; P < 0.01], as expected. Insulin level and HOMA-IR were also higher in the ATV group [10 (6–17) vs. 7 (4–14) μIU/mL; P = 0.05 and 2.1 (1–4) vs. 1.4 (0.9–2.8); P = 0.05, respectively]. More patients in the highest quartile of total bilirubin were on PIs compared with those in the lowest three quartiles (96 vs. 37%, respectively; P < 0.01). For all other characteristics the groups were similar. Results of FMD analysis and inflammation, GSK1120212 ic50 coagulation and oxidation marker levels overall, by ATV use (ATV vs. no ATV) and by total bilirubin level (≥75th percentile vs. <75th percentile), are shown in Table 2. There

were no differences between groups with regard to the baseline brachial artery diameter. Median (IQR) FMD for the overall group was low, 3.29% (1.58–6.17%), compared with healthy adults [17] and there were no between-group differences with regard to FMD in this study. There were no significant differences between groups divided by ATV use or by bilirubin level with regard to inflammation markers, D-dimer or F2-isoprostanes. However, fibrinogen was higher in the ATV group. Total bilirubin level as a continuous variable was not correlated with FMD or any inflammation or PDK4 oxidation markers, with the exception of fibrinogen

(Spearman correlation coefficient was 0. 2285; P = 0.02). In univariable analysis, total bilirubin, age, BMI, AST, HIV-1 RNA, IL-6, D-dimer and brachial artery diameter had P < 0.25 and were entered into the first multivariable model. Neither total bilirubin (as a categorical or continuous variable) nor ATV status was independently associated with FMD in this multivariable model. In a second modelling approach adjusting for clinically relevant variables, i.e. age, sex, race, BMI, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA level, whether on an anti-hypertensive or cholesterol-lowering medication, smoking status and brachial artery diameter, did not change this result. Parameter estimates and significance levels for the variables of interest are shown in Table 3 for both univariable and multivariable analyses.