Ji, X. Q. Liu, and J. P. Wang, New J. Phys.
12 063032 (2010)]. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3565403]“
“Micrometer-sized particles were formed Veliparib manufacturer by controlled aggregation of carboxylated polystyrene colloidal spheres having a mean diameter of about 200 nm with a commercial cationic coagulant. To identify the parameters governing the size and structure of the aggregates, the aggregate size distribution was studied over a period of time with dynamic light scattering. The effect of the particle concentration, pH, and ionic strength on the aggregation behavior was investigated. The coagulant concentration used for present studies was 5 parts per hundred on the basis of the polystyrene particles and the particle concentrations used learn more were 10-15%. The particle size distribution for the latex suspensions was also investigated with a 10% aluminum sulfate [Al(2)(SO4)(3)center
dot 14H(2)O] solution as a model coagulant. With the commercial coagulant, aggregation was found to be slower at lower pH than at neutral pH. At pH 6, the particles started to aggregate within minutes and form aggregates of about 1000 nm. We expected that lowering the pH would reduce interparticle repulsive forces and enhance the collision efficiency. However, at a lower pH of 2, the aggregation process slowed down. Increasing the ionic strength at neutral pH led to a broader aggregate size distribution, and the population of larger aggregates increased. The suspensions with the model coagulant showed similar behavior. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1358-1363, 2011″
“Background: New food biomarkers are needed to objectively evaluate the effect of diet on health and to check adherence to dietary recommendations and healthy eating patterns.
Objective: We developed a strategy for food biomarker
discovery, which combined nutritional intervention with metabolic phenotyping and biomarker validation in a large-scale epidemiologic study.
Design: We administered a standardized diet to 8 individuals and established a putative urinary biomarker of fruit consumption by click here using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic profiling. The origin of the biomarker was confirmed by using targeted NMR spectroscopy of various fruit. Excretion kinetics of the biomarker were measured. The biomarker was validated by using urinary NMR spectra from UK participants of the INTERMAP (International Collaborative Study of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Blood Pressure) (n = 499) in which citrus consumption was ascertained from four 24-h dietary recalls per person. Finally, dietary patterns of citrus consumers (n = 787) and nonconsumers (n = 1211) were compared.
Results: We identified proline betaine as a putative biomarker of citrus consumption. High concentrations were observed only in citrus fruit.