Microcirculation 19: 352–359, 2012.

Objective:  Microdialysis enables drug delivery in the skin and simultaneous measurement of their effects. The present study aimed to evaluate dose-dependent changes in blood flow and metabolism during microdialysis of norepinephrine and vasopressin. Methods:  We investigated whether increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE, 1.8–59 μmol/L) and vasopressin (VP, 1–100 nmol/L), delivered sequentially in one catheter or simultaneously AP24534 through four catheters, yield dose-dependent changes in blood flow (as measured using urea clearance) and metabolism (glucose and lactate). Results:  We found a significant dose-dependent vasoconstriction with both drugs. Responses were characterized by a sigmoid dose response model. Urea in the dialysate increased from a baseline of 7.9 ± 1.7 to 10.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L for the highest concentration of NE (p < 0.001) and from 8.1 ± 1.4 to 10.0 ± 1.7 mmol/L for the highest concentration of VP (p  = 0.037). Glucose decreased from 2.3 ± 0.7 to 0.41 ± 0.18 mmol/L for NE (p = 0.001)

and from 2.7 ± 0.6 to 1.3 ± 0.5 mmol/L for VP (p < 0.001). Lactate increased from 1.1 ± 0.4 to 2.6 ± 0.5 mmol/L for NE (p = 0.005) and from 1.1 ± 0.4 to 2.6 ± 0.5 mmol/L for VP (p = 0.008). There were no significant differences between responses from a single catheter and from those obtained simultaneously using multiple catheters. Conclusions:  Microdialysis in the skin, either with selleck products a single catheter or using multiple catheters, offers a useful tool for studying dose response effects of vasoactive drugs on local blood flow and metabolism without inducing any systemic effects. “
“Please cite this paper as: Xiang, Hester, Fuller, Sebai, Mittwede, Jones, Aneja and Russell (2010). Orthopedic Trauma-Induced Pulmonary Injury in the Obese Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Zucker Rats. Microcirculation17(8), 650–659. Objective:  Obese subjects with orthopedic trauma exhibit increased inflammation and an increased risk of pulmonary edema. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production is elevated during inflammation and associated

with increased vascular permeability. We hypothesize that pulmonary edema in obesity following orthopedic trauma is due to elevated PGE2 and resultant increases in pulmonary permeability. Methods:  Orthopedic trauma was induced in both hindlimbs in lean (LZ) and obese Zucker rats (OZ). On the following day, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and PGE2 levels, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary gas exchange capability were compared between groups: LZ, OZ, LZ with trauma (LZT), and OZ with trauma (OZT). Vascular permeability in isolated lungs was measured in LZ and OZ before and after application of PGE2. Results:  As compared with the other groups, the OZT exhibited elevated plasma IL-6 and PGE2 levels, increased lung wet/dry weight ratio and bronchoalveolar protein concentration, and an impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Indomethacin treatment normalized plasma PGE2 levels and pulmonary edema.