Sortases catalyze the assembly of surface proteins and fimbriae in the cell wall envelope of gram-positive bacteria. SrtC1 is required for the biosynthesis of type 1 fimbriae in A. oris T14V (Chen et al., 2007). In order to better understand the structure–function of this sortase, we analyzed the role of eight conserved amino acid residues. The amino acids to be mutated were chosen based on the sequence alignment

of several class C family sortases (Fig. 2). Each mutation was first introduced in vitro into plasmid p6Srt carrying the srtC1 gene (Chen et al., 2007) by site-directed mutagenesis to replace each conserved amino acid with an alanine residue. The desired mutations were confirmed by sequencing and the integrity of all plasmid constructs was verified by enzyme digestions and sequencing. The mutated srtC1 copies were introduced into the srtC1 deletion host strain ΔSrtC1 (Chen et al., 2007) by transformation. Epigenetics Compound Library supplier STA-9090 in vivo The resultant transformants were confirmed for the presence of mutated srtC1 introduced by allelic exchange. Cell surface proteins from these mutants were extracted, separated on gel and probed with monoclonal antibody against the type 1 structural subunit FimP. The ability to assemble type

1 fimbriae, as indicated by the polymerization of FimP, was used to evaluate the activity of mutated sortases. As shown by the results of the Western blot (Fig. 3), five mutants (H184A, L263A, T265A, F213A and R275A) produced patterns of surface proteins similar to those of the wild type, displaying the polymeric form of the structural subunits in the high-molecular-weight region as revealed by the anti-FimP antibody. However, only the monomeric form

of FimP was observed in the other three mutants, H204A, Y236A and C266A. The results indicate that each of these three mutations either abolished the SrtC1 activity, or reduced the activity to an undetectable level as revealed by the blot method, or that these three mutated sortases might not be expressed and/or stable compared with the wild-type SrtC1. Dot-blot results indicate that there are less FimP components on the surfaces of these three mutants than on those of the wild-type strain and other mutants (Fig. S1). There is a conserved TLXTC motif in all indentified sortases. The Cys residue in this motif is essential for during any sortase activity. Based on the newly published crystal structure of SrtC1(Persson, 2011), the nucleophile Cys 266 is located at the centre of the active site. The effect of C266A mutation is consistent with the hypothesis that this catalytic cysteine residue is used in the nucleophilic attack of the Thr-Gly peptidic bond in the target’s LPXTG motif. A similar mutation effect has also been reported for both nonpilus-related and pilus-related sortases from other organisms. For example, Cys 184 in SrtA from Staphylococcus aureus (Ton-That et al., 1999, 2002; Frankel et al., 2007), Cys 193 in SrtC1 from Streptococcus pneumoniae (Manzano et al.