Study Design and Setting: We reviewed all original articles of nonrandomized studies published in 2010 in New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, and Annals of Internal Medicine, We classified articles based on whether authors recommend a medical practice and whether they state that a randomized trial is needed to support their recommendation. We also examined the types of logical extrapolations used by authors who did advance recommendations.

Results: Of the 631 original articles published in 2010, 298 (47%) articles were eligible observational studies. In 167 (56%) of 298 studies,

authors recommended a medical practice based on their results. Only 24 (14%) of 167 studies

stated that a randomized controlled trial TPCA-1 (RCT) should be done to validate the recommendation, whereas the other 143 articles made a total of 149 logical extrapolations to recommend SBE-β-CD specific medical practices. Recommendations without a call for a randomized trial were most common in studies of modifiable factors (59%), but they were also common in studies reporting incidence or prevalence (51%), studies examining novel tests (41%), and association studies of nonmodifiable factors (32%).

Conclusion: The authors of observational studies often extrapolate their results to make recommendations concerning a medical practice, typically without first calling for a RCT. Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging findings (MRI) of asymptomatic remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) at the preoperative, early postoperative, and postoperative period. A total of 983 consecutive adult patients who underwent supratentorial Nocodazole molecular weight craniotomies were included in the study. The ethics committee approved the study. The patient’s clinical records and radiological examinations were retrospectively analyzed. All patients

had preoperative CT and MRI examinations, immediate postoperative CT, and postoperative MRI within 24 h. The patients with the radiological diagnosis of RCH were followed up to 5 years. Eight asymptomatic RCH cases were recruited. The prevalence of asymptomatic RCH was 0.8% in our series. RCH was unilateral in two patients and bilateral in six patients. The postoperative CT was positive in two cases. The hemorrhage presented on MRI as folial linear hypointensities in six cases. In three cases (including one mixed case), punctate hypointense spots were identified at the superior cerebellar folia. Diffuse hemorrhage in the cerebellar tonsil, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and hemorrhage in the cerebellar vermis and the ventricles were also seen. The MRI findings were stable up to 5 years. The prevalence of asymptomatic RCH is higher than previously reported.