The extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC(50)=7.92 mu g/mL) against hydroxyl radicals in the Fenton system than butylated hydroxyanisole (IC(50)=51.46 mu g/mL) and alpha-tocopherol (IC(50)=67.48 mu g/mL). Likewise, damage to the plasmid pBR 322 induced by hydroxyl radicals was found to be protected by the extract at a concentration of 400 mu g/mL. Cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis were also examined by a cellular proliferation Selleckchem Linsitinib assay, flow cytometry, and mRNA expression analysis. Taken together, the extract significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29

cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and gradually increased both the proportion of apoptotic cells and the expression of caspase-3. Overall, Our research suggests selleck that celandine possesses antioxidant and antiproliferative properties.”
“The aim of this article is to elucidate the mechanism by which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) acts against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced effects. The prevalence of micronuclei, the extent of lipid peroxidation, and the status of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in both liver

and serum of mice were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. Lipid peroxidation and associated compromised antioxidant defenses (CAT and GPX) in CP treated mice were observed in the liver, serum, and were accompanied by increased prevalence of micronuclei in bone marrow. The number of MN was significantly different (p < 0.01) between the groups treated with CP (group III, IV, V, VI) and the solvent control (group II) (3.2 +/- 0.7%). There selleck chemicals llc was a dose-dependent reduction

in formation CP induced micronuclei by treatment with 100, 200, or 300 mg EPA/kg BW mice. Activities of SOD, CAT, and extent of lipid peroxidation were statistically different in liver cells of mice exposed to EPA only with CP compared with the CP group (group III). The present findings imply that EPA may be a potential antigenotoxic, antioxidant and chemopreventive agent and could be used as an adjuvant in chemotherapeutic applications. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26:217-223, 2011.”
“Background: Respondent driven sampling (RDS) was designed for sampling “”hidden”" populations and intended as a means of generating unbiased population estimates. Its widespread use has been accompanied by increasing scrutiny as researchers attempt to understand the extent to which the population estimates produced by RDS are, in fact, generalizable to the actual population of interest. In this study we compare two different methods of seed selection to determine whether this may influence recruitment and RDS measures.

Methods: Two seed groups were established. One group was selected as per a standard RDS approach of study staff purposefully selecting a small number of individuals to initiate recruitment chains.