The new medium is composed of 44 constituents and a precise protocol is provided for its preparation.

Maximum specific growth rates and growth yields of the wine strains studied were comparable to those obtained in common laboratory media, and the new medium allows for various modifications, such as changing the medium pH to the wine range, addition of L-malic acid or utilization of different carbon sources while maintaining growth of wine lactic acid bacteria. The medium was successfully tested with 22 wine strains of the genera Oenococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. It is suggested that this chemically defined medium be considered for the investigation PF-562271 cost of the nutritional requirements and metabolism of wine lactic acid bacteria. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Limited information exists related Acalabrutinib molecular weight to the treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the ulna after semiconstrained elbow arthroplasty. Our goals were to characterize the

clinical and radiographic features of periprosthetic fractures around the stem of a loose ulnar component and to determine the outcomes after surgical treatment.

Methods: Between 1980 and 2008, thirty consecutive periprosthetic fractures around the ulnar stem were treated surgically at our institution. Eighteen fractures occurred after primary arthroplasty, and twelve occurred after revision arthroplasty. The mean time between the index arthroplasty and the fracture was eight years. All ulnar components were loose. Ulnar bone loss was moderate in fourteen elbows and severe in sixteen. Surgical reconstruction included

revision of the ulnar component in all cases. Fracture fixation was achieved with a longer stemmed implant only in two elbows. Strut allografts were used in twenty elbows, with additional impaction graft augmentation MK-4827 in eight of them. Three additional elbows were revised with impaction grafting alone, and five were reconstructed with an allograft ulnar prosthetic composite. Seven patients were lost to follow-up, one died, and one was managed with conversion to a resection arthroplasty following a deep infection. The remaining twenty-one patients were followed for a mean of 4.9 +/- 2.6 years.

Results: At the time of the most recent follow-up, eighteen patients reported no pain or mild pain and three patients reported moderate pain. The mean arc of elbow flexion and extension was 112 degrees. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 82 points (with fifteen good or excellent results and six fair or poor results). Fracture-healing was achieved in the twenty-one followed patients. Complications included three deep infections, one superficial infection, one case of ulnar component loosening, and one case of transient dysfunction of both the median and radial nerves.

Conclusions: Periprosthetic ulnar fractures around the stem of a loose ulnar component after total elbow arthroplasty usually combine implant loosening and severe bone loss.