The Raman spectrum can be assimilated to a time modulated signal f(t) on a finite time selleck chemicals Imatinib interval, where the wavenumber shift stands as the variable t. The selleck chemicals wavelet algorithm cuts up the signal into different ��frequency�� components, similarly to the conventional Fourier transform, but it uses spatially localized functions with average zero value (namely wavelets, small waves) instead Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of conventional sinusoidal functions and makes it possible to have information on both frequency and time dependences. Basically, the signal f (t) is represented in terms of the sum of elementary wavelets and decomposed into two signals, one containing the low frequency components (approximation A1) and the other the fluctuations (detail D1).
The algorithm is iteratively applied to the �� approximated�� part of the function and a higher level of the A2 and D2 component pair is generated. A hierarchical representation Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the data set is thus obtained allowing a multi-resolution analysis, known as Discrete Wavelet transform (DWT), Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries in which details or fluctuations of different levels of resolution are represented by the superposition of wavelets with suitable dilation. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Starting from the decomposed parts, the signal can be reconstructed by an inverted process known as Inverted Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT). If the last approximation component is not included in the IDWT process, the smoother part of the signal will be removed. In the case of a Raman spectrum, this background signal component is mainly caused by light diffusion and fluorescent processes.
Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Similarly, by removing the fast frequency components,
Intra-seasonal variability is the most dominant mode in the tropical atmosphere [Madden and Julian, 1972], with period of 30~90 days. Intra-seasonal signals are, therefore, very useful for forecasting tropical climate [Matthews et al., 1996]. Previous investigations Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of intra-seasonal oscillations (ISO) over the South China Sea (SCS) indicate that there are Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries two bands of period (10~25 and 30~60 days) with different spatial structures during boreal summer [Kajikawa and Yasunari, 2005]. ISO generally consist of alternating episodes of active and suppressed atmospheric convection; it moves northward in the eastern Indian Ocean and the SCS, where air-sea interaction may be an important component of this monsoonal ISO [Sengupta et al.
, 2001].
Mao and Chan [2005] suggested that the Entinostat 30~60-day Cilengitide and 10~20-day intra-seasonal modes are essential in controlling the SCS summer monsoon (SM). The 30�C60-day oscillations of the SCS SM exhibit a trough�Cridge selleck chemical Lapatinib seesaw, with anomalous cyclones (anticyclones), nevertheless along with enhanced (suppressed) convection, migrating northward from the Equator to mid-latitudes. The 10~20-day oscillations manifest anticyclone-cyclone systems over the western tropical Pacific, propagating northwestward into the SCS.