In the first (forward) stage reflectance spectra corresponding to given instances of the parameter values were computed using Monte Carlo simulation of photon propagation through a multi-layered tissue. In the second (inversion) stage the parameter values were obtained via optimization using an iterated conditional modes algorithm based on Discrete Markov Random Fields. The method was validated on computer generated data contaminated with noise giving a mean normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD) of 2.04. Validation on ex vivo images demonstrated

that parametric maps show gross correspondence with histological features of mucosa characteristic of cancerous, precancerous and noncancerous colon lesions. The key signs of abnormality were shown to be the increase in the blood volume fraction and NU7441 DNA Damage inhibitor decrease in the density of scattering particles.”
“This study was undertaken to investigate the herbicidal activity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves against parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). The aqueous leaf extract at 15% concentration (on fresh weight basis) significantly

reduced germination, shoot length and the shoot and root biomasses of parthenium seedlings. In a leaf residue incorporation pot trial, 2% residue incorporation treatment significantly suppressed the root and shoot biomasses of parthenium, while a 5% residue treatment completely stopped the growth of the weed. Five flavonoids, namely this website (-)-epicatechin-3-O–glucopyranoside (1), 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-4(8H)-one (2), 6-(p-hydroxybenzyl)taxifolin-7-O–D-glucoside (tricuspid) (3), quercetin-3-O–glucopyranosyl-(1 2)–D-glucopyranoside (4) and (-)-epicatechin(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H chromene-3,5,7-triol (5) were isolated from mango leaves. In a laboratory bioassay, 50 ppm solution of compounds 3 and 4 caused yellowing of the parthenium seedlings. A 250 ppm solution of compound 4 also significantly reduced germination and the root and buy CT99021 shoot lengths of parthenium seedlings. This study concludes that compound 4 exhibits herbicidal activity against parthenium

weed.”
“Ligularia achyrotricha (Diels) Ling has been used as a traditional Tibetan herbal medicine. Ligulachyroine A (1), a new twelve-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid with a ketonic group located at C-3 and an hydroxy group linked at C-8, was isolated from the roots of L. achyrotricha. It is particularly noteworthy that the structure of 1 rarely appears in any other naturally occurring twelve-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid reported to date. Three known lignans (2-4) and eight known coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol derivatives (5-12) were also obtained in this species. Their structures were elucidated through a careful analysis of their IR, MS, and NMR spectra. Compound 1 exhibited moderate activity against HL-60 and SMMC-7721 cells.

Historically, 2-year survival after VAD implant has been sub-optimal, and no patient management algorithms have been formally tested to determine their effect on 2-year survival.

METHODS: The study comprised 76 patients, of whom 26 had a VAD as destination

therapy (DT) and 50 as a bridge to transplant (BIT), from July 1, 2003, to June 30, 2008. Survival before and after initiation of ISP was compared. A parametric hazard multivariable analysis, with a time-varying Selleckchem BIX 01294 covariable for implementation of ISP, was used to evaluate of other factors affecting survival.

RESULTS: Survival at 16 months was 100% for DT patients who received a VAD after August 1, 2006 vs 64% for the earlier era (p = 0.06). For BIT, 16- month survival was 71% vs 43% (p = 0.03). Predicted 2-year survival before and after implementation of the ISP improved from 30% to 87% for DT (p = 0.02) and from 20% to 61% for BIT patients (p = 0.01). Predictors of midterm survival by multivariable analysis included ISP (p = 0.004), younger age (p = 0.03), non-emergent implant (p < 0.0001), and isolated left ventricular VAD (p < 0.0001). CHIR-99021 After adjustment for covariables, the ISP was associated with a 70% reduction in the hazard for death for the entire cohort (p = 0.004). The effect of ISP was also significant in the patients who

received the HeartMate XVE (Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA), which spanned both eras of the study.

CONCLUSIONS: Survival improved for DT and BIT VAD patients after implementation of the ISP, with a dramatic decrease in hazard for death. Although the transition from pulsatile

to axial flow technology occurred during the study period and likely contributed to improved outcomes, the institution of the ISP provided an important and selleck screening library significant contribution to improved survival through a proactive approach to patient management, allowing earlier identification of potential adverse events. For optimal outcomes, VAD patients require intensive follow-up surveillance protocols that have previously become standard in the care of heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:879-87 (C) 2011 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“The transient electric current of surfactants dissolved in a nonpolar solvent is investigated both experimentally and theoretically in the parallel-plate geometry. Due to a low concentration of free charges the cell can be completely polarized by an external voltage of several volts. In this state, all the charged micelles are compacted against the electrodes. After the voltage is set to zero the reverse current features a sharp discharge spike and a broad peak. This shape and its variation with the compacting voltage are reproduced in a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model.

First, new phosphoproteome data on yeast cells were obtained by MS-based proteomics and unified with publicly available yeast phosphoproteome data. This revealed that nearly 60% of similar to 6,000 yeast genes encode phosphoproteins. We mapped these unified phosphoproteome data on a yeast protein-protein interaction (PPI)

network with other yeast multi-omics datasets containing information about PF-04929113 mw proteome abundance, proteome disorders, literature-derived signaling reactomes, and in vitro substratomes of kinases. In the phospho-PPI, phosphoproteins had more interacting partners than nonphosphoproteins, implying that a large fraction of intracellular protein interaction patterns (including those of protein complex formation) is affected by reversible and alternative phosphorylation reactions. Although highly abundant or unstructured proteins have a high chance of both interacting with other proteins and being phosphorylated within cells, the difference between the number counts of interacting partners of phosphoproteins and nonphosphoproteins was significant independently of protein abundance and disorder level. Moreover, analysis of the phospho-PPI and yeast signaling reactome data suggested that co-phosphorylation of interacting proteins by single kinases is common within cells. These multi-omics analyses

illuminate how wide-ranging intracellular phosphorylation events and the diversity AR-13324 ic50 of physical protein Small molecule library interactions are largely affected by each other.”
“Background: Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is reduced in patients with posterolateral scar. Multipolar pacing leads offer the ability to select desirable pacing sites and/or stimulate from multiple pacing sites concurrently using a single lead position. Despite this potential, the clinical evaluation and identification of metrics for optimization of multisite CRT (MCRT) has not been performed.

Methods: The efficacy of MCRT via a quadripolar lead with two left ventricular (LV) pacing sites in conjunction with right ventricular pacing

was compared with single-site LV pacing using a coupled electromechanical biophysical model of the human heart with no, mild, or severe scar in the LV posterolateral wall.

Result: The maximum dP/dt(max) improvement from baseline was 21%, 23%, and 21% for standard CRT versus 22%, 24%, and 25% for MCRT for no, mild, and severe scar, respectively. In the presence of severe scar, there was an incremental benefit of multisite versus standard CRT (25% vs 21%, 19% relative improvement in response). Minimizing total activation time (analogous to QRS duration) or minimizing the activation time of short-axis slices of the heart did not correlate with CRT response. The peak electrical activation wave area in the LV corresponded with CRT response with an R-2 value between 0.42 and 0.75.

Dietary SID Leu and Val were set to 1.05 and 0.66%. For the 42-d period, ADG, ADFI, and G: F increased linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing SID Ile: Lys. Estimated optimal SID Ile: Lys ratios were 54, 54, and 49 for ADG, ADFI, and G: F, respectively. These experiments suggest that the optimal SID Ile: Lys ratio depends on diet composition. In Exp. 1, AA imbalances because of increased Leu contents may have led to increased Ile nutritional needs. For ADG and ADFI, an optimum SID Ile: Lys ratio of 54% was estimated for 8- to 25-kg pigs in diets without Leu

excess.”
“An attempt was made to toughen diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin with liquid natural rubber possessing hydroxyl functionality (HTLNR). Epon 250 epoxy monomer is cured using nadic methyl anhydride as hardener in presence of N, N dimethyl benzyl amine as accelerator. click here HTLNR of different concentrations up to 20 wt % is used learn more as modifier for epoxy resin. The addition HTLNR to an anhydride hardener/epoxy monomer mixture has given rise to the formation of phase-separated structure, consisting of small spherical liquid natural rubber particles bonded to the surrounding epoxy matrix. The particle size increased with increase in rubber content. The viscoelastic properties of the blends were analyzed using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The Tg corresponding to epoxy rich

phase was evident from the dynamic mechanical spectrum, while the Tg of the rubber phase was overlapped by the beta relaxation of epoxy phase. Glass transition of the epoxy phase decreased linearly as a function of the amount of rubber. The mechanical properties such as impact HKI-272 research buy and fracture toughness were also carefully examined. The impact and fracture toughness increase with HTLNR content. A threefold increase in impact strength was observed with 15 wt % HTLNR/epoxy blend. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Leakiness (phi), the proportion of

carbon fixed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation that leaks out of the bundle-sheath cells, determines C-4 photosynthetic efficiency. Large increases in phi have been described at low irradiance. The underlying mechanisms for this increase remain uncertain, but changes in photorespiration or the energy partitioning between the C-4 and C-3 cycles have been suggested. Additionally, values of phi at low light could be magnified from assumptions made when comparing measured photosynthetic discrimination against C-13 (Delta) with the theoretical formulation for Delta. For example, several simplifications are often made when modelling Delta to predict phi including: (i) negligible fractionation during photorespiration and dark respiration; (ii) infinite mesophyll conductance; and (iii) CO2 inside bundle-sheath cells (C-s) is much larger than values in mesophyll cells (C-m).

Endothelial function find more was evaluated by ultrasound measurement of the flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Compared to the control

group, patients with idiopathic venous thrombosis had significantly lower levels of interleukin-10 1.81 pg/ml (1.53-2.21) versus 2.71 pg/ml (1.84-3.65), p < 0.001. Patients also had increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-6 2.37 pg/ml (1.59-4.09) versus 2.03 pg/ml (1.49-2.59), p = 0.025, interleukin-8 3.53 pg/ml (2.94-5.30) versus 2.25 pg/ml (1.77-2.90), p < 0.001. Furthermore, decreased FMD was observed in patients: 5.0% (3.9-6.9) versus 12.7% (10.8-15.6), p < 0.001. FMD was related to levels of interleukin-10 (r = 0.33, p = 0.001) and was inversely related to pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (r = -0.34, p = 0.001) and interleukin-8 (r = -0.43, p < 0.001). Patients with idiopathic FDA approved Drug Library venous thrombosis have decreased levels of IL-10 and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This imbalance indicates that in the stable phase of the disease,

patients have an increased systemic inflammatory response. This inflammatory response could be the consequence of the disease, but most probably is involved in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis.”
“Background and objective: High MW hyaluronan (HMW HA) as opposed to low MW hyaluronan (LMW HA) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. We hypothesized that treatment with HMW HA would block smoke inhalation lung injury by inhibiting smoke-induced lung inflammation and airway epithelial cell apoptosis.

Methods: Anesthetized, intubated male rats were randomly allocated to either control or smoke inhalation injury groups. Rats were treated with 3-mL subcutaneous normal saline solution (sham) or LMW HA (35 kDa) or HMW HA (1600 kDa) 18 h before exposure to 15 min of cotton smoke (n = 5 each). Rats were also treated post smoke inhalation with 1600 kDa HA by intra-peritoneal injection (3 mL) or intra-tracheal nebulization (200 mL). Lung neutrophil infiltration, airway apoptosis,

airway mucous plugging and lung injury were assessed 4 h after smoke inhalation injury.

Results: Rats pretreated with 1600 kDa HA had significantly less www.selleckchem.com/products/a-1331852.html smoke-induced neutrophil infiltration, lung oedema, airway apoptosis and mucous plugging. Pretreatment with 35 kDa HA, in contrast, increased smoke-induced neutrophil infiltration and lung injury score. Intra-tracheal administration of a single dose 1600 kDa HA, but not intra-peritoneal injection, significantly improved survival post smoke inhalation.

Conclusions: High MW hyaluronan (1600 kDa) may prove to be a beneficial therapy for smoke inhalation through inhibition of smoke-induced inflammation, lung oedema, airway epithelial cell apoptosis and airway mucous plugging.”
“McFarland fractures represent a type of oblique medial malleolar fracture in children that can be challenging to diagnose and treat.

Defense-related genes were constitutively activated in atg2-2. In atg2-2 mutants, spontaneous cell death, early senescence and disease resistance required

the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, but interestingly, mildew-induced cell death was not fully suppressed by inactivation of SA signaling. Thus, cell death could be uncoupled from disease resistance, suggesting that cell death is not sufficient for resistance to powdery mildew. ATG2 encodes autophagy-related 2, a protein known www.selleckchem.com/products/MS-275.html to be involved in the early steps of autophagosome biogenesis. The atg2-2 mutant exhibited typical autophagy defects in autophagosome formation. Furthermore, mutations in several other ATG genes, including ATG5, ATG7 and ATG10, exhibited similar powdery mildew resistance and mildew-induced cell death phenotypes. Taken together, our findings provide insights into the role of autophagy in cell death and disease resistance, and may indicate general links between autophagy, senescence, programmed cell death and defense responses in plants.”
“Azole resistance is emerging in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. The exact

mechanism of evolution of azole resistance TPCA-1 cost has not been fully elucidated yet but increasing evidence indicates a role for azole fungicide used in agriculture. Patients confronted with an invasive fungal infection from an azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolate will fail azole treatment Azole resistance in A. fumigatus isolates impacts the management of invasive aspergillosis (IA) since the azoles are the primary agents used

for prophylaxis and treatment. Because A. fumigatus will always be present in our environment and also in the close vicinity of patients at risk for IA, there is an urgent need to understand the evolution of the increasing azole resistance in A. fumigatus. Thereby, induction of azole resistance or its spread can possibly be prevented to allow future treatment of A. fumigatus IA.”
“The ultrasonic properties of two devulcanized rubber (DR) blends with a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer compound (ACE) are investigated using a transmission method. BTSA1 The DR materials are obtained from commercial rubber crumbs (RC) by a proprietary devulcanization technique. Measurements on the acoustic attenuation and travel velocity are conducted on the samples with different sample thicknesses in the pulsed mode. Attenuation coefficients of the materials are obtained by changing the frequency of the ultrasound in the tuned tone-burst mode. The two DR/ACE blends show marked differences in the attenuation and attenuation coefficient, although the ultrasonic velocities are similar. These differences arise from the variation of the remaining degree of crosslinking in the DR materials. The acoustic velocities in the three materials are similar.

Conclusions: This study proposes a quantitative AFM-based functional analysis at the micrometer- and nanometer scale to evaluate’the quality of cartilage surfaces. Mechanical testing (load-bearing) combined with friction analysis (gliding) can provide RG-7388 mw important information. Notably, sliding-type biomechanical stimuli may favor (re-)generation and maintenance of functional articular surfaces and support the development of mechanically competent engineered cartilage. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Organ transplantation appears

today to be the best alternative to replace the loss of vital organs induced by various diseases. Transplants can, however, also be rejected by the recipient. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and the cells/molecules involved in acute and chronic rejections. T cells and B cells mainly control the antigen-specific rejection and act either as effector, regulatory, or memory cells. On the other hand, nonspecific cells such as endothelial cells, NK cells, macrophages, or polymorphonuclear cells are also crucial actors of transplant rejection. Last, beyond cells, the high contribution of antibodies, chemokines, and complement molecules check details in graft rejection is discussed in this article. The understanding of the different components involved in graft rejection is essential

as some of them are used in the clinic as biomarkers to detect and quantify the level of rejection.”
“Objective: To investigate safety and efficacy of a new transcutaneous Screening Library bone conduction hearing implant, over a 3-month follow-up period.

Study Design: Prospective, single-subject repeated-measures design in which each subject serves as his/her own control.

Setting: Departments of Otolaryngology at 4 hospitals in Germany and Austria.

Patients: Subjects were 12 German-speaking adults who suffered from conductive or mixed hearing loss. The upper bone conduction threshold limit was set to 45 dB HL at frequencies between 500 Hz and 4 kHz.

Intervention:

Implantation of a transcutaneous bone conduction hearing implant.

Main Outcome Measures: Subjects’ speech perception (word recognition scores and SRT50%) and audiometric thresholds (air conduction, bone conduction and sound field at frequencies 500 Hz to 8 kHz) were assessed preoperatively, 1 month postoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The subjects were monitored for adverse events and given a questionnaire to assess their satisfaction levels.

Results: Speech perception as measured by word recognition scores and SRT50% improved on average about 78.8% and 25 dB HL, respectively, 3 months after implantation. Aided thresholds also improved postoperatively at all tested frequencies and continued to improve from 1 to 3 months postoperatively.

Tumor rupture (TR) occurred in the other 9 and LR occurred in seven (Yates’ P = 0.012). All 33 patients underwent type III resection with free margins without tumor rupture. LR occurred in five. 11 patients had type IV resection. Free margin without tumor rupture was accomplished in seven and LR occurred in three. TR occurred in the other four, and LR occurred in two (Yates’ P = 0.689). One patient underwent selleck products type V resection with free margin without tumor rupture and LR occurred. Postoperatively, less than 1/3 needed long-term urethral catheterization. No patients received colostomy

for postoperative fecal incontinence. All the patients were able to ambulate.

Our classification system and the corresponding surgical

approaches are helpful in dealing with primary malignant sacral tumors. Better oncologic results could be expected if free margin without tumor rupture was accomplished.”
“Although infrared laser was proven to be an alternative approach for neural stimulation, there is very little known about the neural response to infrared laser irradiation in visual cortex. This study is to investigate the effect of near-infrared laser irradiation on neural activities at the cortex level. A 850-nm pigtailed diode laser was applied to stimulate the rat primary visual cortex while the horizontal SBE-β-CD black and white stripe pattern was used as standard visual stimulation to evoke visual-evoked potential (VEP). Both amplitude and latency of VEP P100 was measured with or without infrared pulse stimulation applied in rat primary visual cortex. Paired t test and one-way analysis Proteasome inhibitor of variance were used to evaluate the impact of infrared irradiation and its pulse

width on the amplitudes and latencies of P100, respectively. The results from our preliminary study revealed that, the pulsed near-infrared laser depressed the VEP amplitude and shortened the latency of P100; with the increment of pulse width of infrared irradiation, further decline of VEP amplitude and much shortened latency of P100 were observed. The present work suggests that near-infrared laser irradiation can alter the neural activities in primary visual cortex transiently, and could provide a novel contactless artificial neural stimulus to brain cortex with high spatial selectivity.”
“Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) was compared with sulfuric acid for the conversion of glucose and xylose mixtures to produce levulinic acid and furfural. The interactions of glucose and xylose, the predominant sugars found in biomass, were found to influence product yields with furfural degradation reactions enhanced under higher reactant loadings. Fast heating rates allowed maximal yields (>60 mol%) of levulinic acid and furfural to be achieved under short reaction times. Under the range of conditions examined, sulfuric acid produced a slight increase in levulinic acid yield by 6% (P=0.02), although there was no significant difference (P=0.

The level of sCD36 in subjects with

glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1C)) above the mean was higher than in those with HbA(1C) values below the mean.

Insulin sensitivity is a predictor of sCD36 in men with impaired glucose tolerance. IL-6 is related to sCD36 but does not predict sCD36 independent of insulin sensitivity and BMI.”
“Three kinds of insulin resistance cell models were used to. study how Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb (AP) extracts affect glucose uptake in cells. One flavone glycoside, tiliroside, was isolated from AP by bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation and tested it on promoting glucose uptake. Adipocytes were used to identify the response of tiliroside on insulin resistance related mRNA expression. It was found that glucose transporter factor 4GLUT4 translocation and the number of IR Bafilomycin A1 concentration were enhanced by tiliroside

treatment. Our findings indicate that tiliroside from AP may be beneficial for diabetic complications through its enhanced adiponectin secretion and GLUT4 translocation.”
“The influence of preparation methodology of silymarin solid dispersions using a hydrophilic polymer on the dissolution performance of silymarin was investigated. Silymarin solid dispersions were prepared using HPMC E 15LV by kneading, spray drying and co-precipitation methods and characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRPD and SEM. Dissolution profiles were compared by statistical and model independent methods. The FTIR and DSC studies revealed weak hydrogen bond formation between the drug and polymer, while XRPD and SEM confirmed the amorphous nature of the drug in co-precipitated solid dispersion. Enhanced selleck dissolution compared to pure drug was found in the following order: co-precipitation > spray drying > kneading methodology (p < 0.05). All preparation methods enhanced silymarin dissolution from solid dispersions of different characteristics.

The co-precipitation method proved to be best and provided a stable amorphous solid dispersion with 2.5 improved dissolution compared to the pure drug.”
“The objectives VX-680 of the study were to determine whether identifying patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (as defined by International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria) among patients with diabetes would affect the decision to prescribe statin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), based on currently available public health guidelines.

We analysed the most recent recorded CVD risk profiles obtained from electronic patient files from 304 general practices in England and Wales. Of 60,258 patients with diabetes, 11,005 men and women aged 30-74 years fulfilled criteria for primary CVD prevention and were not on lipid-lowering drugs. Outcome data were extrapolated to an estimated national diabetes prevalence of 3.6%.

Identifying MetS in this group of patients would produce an additional 29,536 (8.

Data were analyzed using a Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model (HGLM) with species richness and presence of individual species as response variables and distance to nature reserve and application of AES as factors, controlling

for possible confounding factors. Results were interpreted as the effects of AES on seed and site limitation of the species. The results showed that plant diversity decreased significantly with distance from source populations. There were considerable differences in species diversity between AES and non-AES ditch banks, with the former showing greater plant diversity especially in the first 200 m from nature reserves. Presences of all individual species decreased with distance to nature reserve, find more but the strength buy GSK J4 of this relationship and the AES effects differed among species. AES ditch banks had lower site limitations for most plant species, but did not have lower seed limitation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“An optical switch based on liquid crystal dielectric loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides is proposed and theoretically analyzed. The infiltration of the plasmonic structure with a nematic liquid crystalline material serving as the dielectric loading

is shown to allow for extensive electrical tuning of its waveguiding characteristics. Both the electrical switching and optical properties of the proposed waveguide are investigated in the context of designing a directional coupler optical switch, which is found to combine efficient voltage control, low power consumption, high extinction ratio, and relatively low insertion losses. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3658247]“
“Zonisamide is an antiepileptic selleck compound drug that acts on voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, with a modulatory

effect on GABA-mediated neuronal inhibition and an inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase. It is used mainly for the treatment of partial seizures, and is generally well tolerated at therapeutic doses. The most common reported adverse effects are somnolence, anorexia, dizziness, and headache. There are limited data on zonisamide overdose in the literature, and no case of zonisamide mono-intoxication has been published to date. We describe the first case of zonisamide mono-intoxication in a 25-year-old woman who ingested 12.6 g of this substance with suicidal intent. Despite a plasma zonisamide concentration of 182 mg/L on admission, the patient exhibited a benign clinical course with vomiting and central nervous system depression, requiring brief intubation. Somnolence persisted for 50 hours, and normal-anion-gap metabolic acidosis and polyuria for several days. Complete recovery may be expected with supportive care, even after ingestion of large zonisamide overdoses. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.